Invisible Astronomy: Astronomers Use the Entire Electromagnetic Spectrum
By: 
Paul A. Heckert
What is Radio Astronomy? Astronomers Study all Forms of Celestial Electromagnetic Waves
By: Paul A. Heckert
The Planck Time and the Big Bang: The Instant of Creation in the Theory of the Early Universe
By: Paul A. Heckert
GUTS and Inflation in the Big Bang: The Inflationary Period in the Theory of the Early Universe
By: Paul A. Heckert
Nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang: Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, & Beryllium Made in the Early Universe
By: Paul A. Heckert
Origin of Matter in the Universe: How Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons Formed in the Big Bang
By: Paul A. Heckert
History of the Big Bang Theory: Gamow, & Early Attempts to Understand the Origin of the Universe
By: Paul A. Heckert
Spectrum of the Andromeda Galaxy: Slipher First Discovered Red Shifts in the Spectra of Galaxies
By: Paul A. Heckert
Discovering The Expanding Universe: Hubble and Humason Observed Redshifts of Distant Galaxies
By: Paul A. Heckert
By: Paul A. Heckert
Predicting the Expanding Universe: Einstein, De Sitter, Friedman, Lemaitre, & Early Cosmology
By: Paul A. Heckert
The Cosmic Background Radiation: Discovery Supporting Big Bang Theory for the Origin of the Universe
By: Paul A. Heckert
By: Paul A. Heckert
Blackbodies in Astrophysics: Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation from an Ideal Blackbody Radiator
By: Paul A. Heckert
Steady State Cosmology: A Cosmological Alternative to the Big Bang Theory
By: Paul A. Heckert
Steady State and Big Bang Theories: Fundamental Cosmological Assumptions and Observations
By: Paul A. Heckert
Origin of the Chemical Elements: Stellar Nucleosynthesis and Supernovae Play Crucial Roles
By: Paul A. Heckert
Detecting Planets Orbiting Stars: Discovering Extrasolar Planets with High Resolution Spectroscopy
By: Paul A. Heckert
Spectroscopy and Atomic Structure: How Electrons Cause Spectral Emission and Absorption Lines
By: Paul A. Heckert
By: Paul A. Heckert
Water on Extrasolar Planets: How Did Astronomers Detect the Composition of HD 209458b?
By: Paul A. Heckert
Is Time Travel Possible? Current ideas on travel to the future and past
By: Cyrus Dehkan
Energy and Stellar Evolution: Conservation of Energy tells us Stars Must Evolve
By: Paul A. Heckert
Biological and Stellar Evolution: Astronomers and Biologists have Different Meanings of Evolution
By: Paul A. Heckert
Was the Big Bang an Explosion? A look at how the universe was formed
By: Paul A. Heckert
Types of Stars: Spectral Classification
The Origin of the Universe: Asking the BIG Question
Solstice: The Darkest or Lightest Day of the Year
Wormholes: Shortcuts in Spacetime
Star Lifespan: How long does a star live?
Gamma Ray Bursters: One of the Most Volatile Phenomena in the Universe
